东莞市重大危险源安全监督管理办法

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东莞市重大危险源安全监督管理办法

广东省东莞市人民政府


东莞市人民政府令



第87号



《东莞市重大危险源安全监督管理办法》已经市人民政府同意,现予发布。



市 长 李毓全

二○○六年十月十三日



东莞市重大危险源安全监督管理办法



第一章 总 则



第一条 为加强全市重大危险源监控、管理,有效防范重、特大事故的发生,保障人民生命财产安全,根据《中华人民共和国安全生产法》、《广东省安全生产条例》等法律法规的规定,结合本市实际,制定本办法。

第二条 本市行政区域内重大危险源的登记、检测、评价、监控、应急救援和监督管理,适用本办法。

第三条 本办法所称重大危险源,是指长期地或临时地生产、搬运、使用或者储存危险物品,且危险物品的数量等于或超过临界量的单元(包括场所和设施)。

本办法所称的重大危险源共分为:贮罐区(贮罐);库区(库);生产场所;压力管道;锅炉;压力容器;金属非金属地下矿山。

非煤矿山、渡口、渡船可参照重大危险源进行监督管理。

第四条 生产经营单位是重大危险源安全管理的责任主体,对相关的重大危险源的安全负全面责任。

第五条 市、镇(街)安全生产监督管理部门应当建立重大危险源的评估、评审、挂牌公示、监管、整改督办等相关制度,研究和解决重大危险源治理中存在的重大问题,负责本行政区域内重大危险源的综合监督管理工作。

公安、经贸、交通、消防、质量技术监督等承担专项安全生产监督管理职责的部门,按照各自的分工对重大危险源实施监督管理;各行政主管部门对所属生产经营单位的重大危险源实施具体监督管理。

第六条 市、镇(街)财政部门应当加大安全生产投入,将安全生产监督管理等部门组织重大危险源评审、督办整改费用纳入财政预算,并检查监督生产经营单位危险源整改资金的落实情况。







第二章 重大危险源的登记、评估、公示



第七条 生产经营单位应当对本单位的重大危险源进行登记建档。重大危险源的登记按照国家标准和行业标准执行。

第八条 生产经营单位应当每两年至少对本单位的重大危险源进行一次安全评估,并出具安全评估报告。

市、镇(街)安全生产监督管理部门认为需要重点监控的重大危险源,生产经营单位应当委托有法定资格的中介机构进行安全评估。

发生死亡事故的单位应在事故调查结束后立即进行安全评估。

第九条 安全评估报告应包括以下内容:
(一)安全评估的主要依据;
(二)重大危险源基本情况;
(三)危险、有害因素辨识与分析;
(四)可能发生的事故类型、严重程度;
(五)重大危险源等级;
(六)安全对策措施;
(七)应急救援措施;
(八)评估结论与建议。
安全评估报告应当数据准确,内容完整,对策措施具体可行,结论客观公正。安全评估报告所依据的检测检验数据必须由有检测检验资质的机构提供。

市属以上生产经营单位须将安全评估报告直接报送市安全生产监督管理局备案;各镇(街)生产经营单位须将安全评估报告报送各镇(街)安全生产监督管理部门备案。

安全评估的费用由被评估单位支付。

第十条 重大危险源在生产流程、材料、工艺、设备、防护措施和环境等因素发生重大变化,或者国家有关法规、标准发生变化时,生产经营单位应当对重大危险源重新进行安全评估,并及时报告安全生产监督管理部门。

第十一条 承担重大危险源检测检验的机构及安全评估的中介机构应当具备国家规定的资质条件,并对其作出的检测检验和安全评估的结果负责。

第十二条 安全生产监督管理部门接到生产经营单位的安全评估或安全评价报告后,应立即进行初步审查,并在20个工作日内组织重大危险源评审小组进行审核鉴定。

重大危险源评审小组由安全评估专家组及有关专业人员组成,负责重大危险源的审查和核定工作。具体工作是:
(一)根据安全生产监督管理部门的组织和安排,对生产经营单位递交的安全评估报告进行审查;
(二)审查生产经营单位的安全评估报告时,认为有必要的,可赴生产经营单位进行现场勘查和情况核实;
(三)对照国家和省的有关标准、规范和规定,核定被审查单位的重大危险源等级;
(四)出具《重大危险源鉴定意见书》;
评审小组的鉴定意见必须有审查人员签名,并对其科学性、可靠性负责。

第十三条 评审小组发现重大危险源存在重大安全隐患的,按本办法规定,由安全生产监督管理部门给生产经营单位挂上《重大危险源公示牌》,并通过新闻媒体予以公布,实行社会监督。

生产经营单位在重大危险源挂牌公示后,应当在规定的期限内整改完毕。

第十四条 安全生产监督管理部门公示重大危险源的内容包括:
(一)重大危险源单位;
(二)重大危险源的名称;
(三)重大危险源的主要危险因素;
(四)重大危险源的等级;
(五)生产经营单位安全生产第一责任人;
(六)负责隐患整改督办的单位名称;


第三章 重大危险源的备案



第十五条 存在重大危险源的生产经营单位应当在每年3月31日前,将《重大危险源报表》报送安全生产监督管理部门备案。

对新产生的重大危险源,生产经营单位应及时报告安全生产监督管理部门备案;对已消除重大危险源的,生产经营单位应及时报告核销。

《重大危险源报表》应包括生产经营单位基本情况,重大危险源的名称、类别、数量、等级、位置以及基本特征和周边环境基本状况等内容。

第十六条 各镇(街)安全生产监督管理部门对本地区的重大危险源应做好备案工作,并及时将所属生产经营单位的重大危险源报送市安全生产监督管理局备案。

第十七条 安全生产监督管理部门应建立重大危险源档案,跟踪重大危险源监管及治理。



第四章 管理与监控



第十八条 生产经营单位应当保证重大危险源安全管理与监控所必需的资金投入。

第十九条 生产经营单位必须建立健全重大危险源安全管理规章制度,制定重大危险源安全管理与监控的实施方案。

第二十条 生产经营单位应当对从业人员进行安全教育和技术培训,使其掌握本岗位的安全操作技能和在紧急情况下应当采取的应急措施。

第二十一条 生产经营单位应当在重大危险源现场设置明显的安全警示标志,并加强重大危险源的监控和有关设备、设施的安全管理。

第二十二条 生产经营单位应当对重大危险源的工艺参数、危险物质进行定期检测,对重要设备、设施进行经常性的检测、检验,并做好检测、检验纪录。

第二十三条 生产经营单位应当对重大危险源的安全状况进行定期检查,并建立重大危险源安全管理档案。

第二十四条 对存在事故隐患的重大危险源,生产经营单位必须立即整改。若不能立即整改的,必须采取切实可行的安全措施,防止事故发生,并及时报告安全生产监督管理部门。

第二十五条 生产经营单位应当对重大危险源制定相应的应急救援预案,落实应急救援预案的各项措施,每年进行一次事故应急救援演练。

重大危险源应急救援预案必须报送安全生产监督管理部门备案。

第二十六条 重大危险源应急救援预案应包括以下内容:
(一)应急救援机构及职责;
(二)危险辨识与评估;
(三)应急设备与设施;
(四)应急能力与应急资源配置;
(五)报警、通讯联络方式;
(六)事故应急程序与行动方案;
(七)保护措施;
(八)事故后的恢复;
(九)培训与演练。
第二十七条 生产经营单位应当将重大危险源可能发生事故的后果及应急措施等信息以书面形式告知可能受影响的单位和人员。



第五章 检查监督



第二十八条 市、镇(街)安全生产监督管理部门应当建立重大危险源信息管理系统,对重大危险源各类信息实施动态监督管理。发现重大危险源存在重大安全隐患的,挂上《重大危险源公示牌》。

第二十九条 市、镇(街)安全生产监督管理部门要对存在事故隐患的重大危险源实行“挂牌督办、专人负责、限期整改”的制度,采取一盯一的措施,对每一个重大危险源设立一个监管小组,定人跟踪,定期检查,限期整改,把对重大危险源和重点防护单位的安全监管责任落实到人。

第三十条 在整改前或者整改中无法保证安全的,应当按照《安全生产法》等有关法律法规的规定,依法下达《行政强制措施决定书》,采取行政强制措施,责令生产经营单位从危险区域内撤出作业人员,暂时停产、停业或者停止使用;难以立即整改的,应规定期限完成整改,并采取切实有效的防范、监控措施。

第三十一条 生产经营单位在规定的期限内整改完毕的,应填写《重大危险源监控报告》,报负责监督的安全生产监督管理部门。

第三十二条 安全生产监督管理部门接到生产经营单位填报的《重大危险源监控报告》后,应组织审查小组进行审查验收。经审查认为该重大危险源监控措施能够落实的,应摘除公示牌。

第三十三条 安全生产监督管理部门应设立重大危险源举报电话。

任何单位或者个人对生产经营单位重大危险源存在的事故隐患以及安全生产的违法行为,均有权向安全生产监督管理部门举报。

对群众举报未按规定进行管理的重大危险源,应派出人员前往审查核实,依法进行监管。



第六章 奖励与处罚



第三十四条 对于积极举报重大危险源防止事故发生有功的人员,应当给予表彰或奖励。具体奖励办法由市安全生产监督管理局会同市财政局制定实施。

第三十五条 生产经营单位未按规定管理重大危险源的,安全生产监督管理部门应当依照《中华人民共和国安全生产法》和《广东省安全生产条例》等法律、法规的规定予以处罚。

第三十六条 生产经营单位对重大危险源隐瞒不报或不采取措施,发生重特大事故、造成生命和财产损失的,对责任人应依法追究法律责任,构成犯罪的,依照刑法有关规定追究刑事责任。

第三十七条 有关部门安全生产责任人,对重大危险源的监控,未按照法律法规规定履行职责,或有失职、渎职行为,导致本地区发生重特大安全事故的,对有关安全生产责任人,依据国务院《特大安全事故行政责任追究的规定》和《广东省重大安全事故行政责任追究规定》予以追究相应的责任。



第七章 附 则



第三十八条 本办法下列用语含义:

危险物品:一种物质或若干种物质的混合物,由于它的化学、物理或毒性特征,使其具有易导致火灾、爆炸或中毒的危险。通指易燃易爆物品、危险化学品、放射性物品等能够危及人身安全和财产安全的物品。

临界量:指国家法律、法规和标准规定的一种或一类特定危险物质的存量还不致于发生危险的最大数量。如果超过这个数量,就会发生重大事故,其设施就被定为重大危险源。

第三十九条 国家或省对重大危险源安全管理有新的规定或者新的标准,按其新规定或者新标准执行。

第四十条 本办法自2006年11月1日起施行,有效期至2011年10月31日。




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中华人民共和国对外国籍船舶管理规则(附英文)

交通部


中华人民共和国对外国籍船舶管理规则(附英文)

(一九七九年八月二十五日国务院批准)

总则
第一条 为维护中华人民共和国的主权,维持港口和沿海水域的秩序,保证航行安全,防止水域污染,特制定本规则。
第二条 在中华人民共和国港口和沿海水域航行的外国籍船舶(以下简称船舶)应遵守本规则以及中华人民共和国一切有关法令、规章和规定。中华人民共和国政府设置在港口的港务监督认为有必要对船舶进行检查时,船舶应接受检查。
本规则所称沿海水域是指属于中华人民共和国的内水和领海以及国家规定的管辖水域。

第一章 进出港和航行
第三条 船长或船舶所有人应在船舶预定到达港口一星期之前,通过外轮代理公司填具规定的表报,向港务监督办理进口申请批准手续,并在到达港口之前二十四小时(航程不足二十四小时的,在驶离前一港口时),将预计到港时间,前、后吃水等情况通过外轮代理公司向港务监督报告。如预计到港时间有变化,应随时报告。船舶在航行途中,因遇险、发生故障、船员或旅客患急病等特殊情况,需临时进港或返航,应事先向港务监督报告。
第四条 船舶进出港口或在港内航行、移泊,必须由港务监督指派引航员引航。有关引航的具体事项,应按照中华人民共和国交通部颁发的《海港引航工作规定》办理。
第五条 船舶抵港后,应即呈报进口报告书及其它有关表报,同时交验船舶证书及有关文书,并接受检查。船舶出港前,应呈报出口报告书及其它有关表报,经检查发给出口许可证后,才可出口。
第六条 船舶上的武器、弹药,应在船舶抵港后由港务监督予以封存。无线电报发射机、无线电话发射机、火箭信号、火焰信号、信号枪,只有在危急情况下才可以使用,但在使用后必须向港务监督报告。
第七条 港内禁止射击、游泳、钓鱼、鸣放鞭炮或焰火以及其它危及港口安全秩序的行为。
第八条 船舶有下列情况之一者,港务监督有权在一定期间内禁止其出港或令其停航、改航、返航:
一、处于不适航状态;
二、违反中华人民共和国的法律或规章;
三、发生海损事故;
四、未缴付应承担的款项,又未提供适当担保者;
五、其它需要禁止航行的情况。
第九条 航行在中华人民共和国港口和沿海水域的船舶,不得进行危害中华人民共和国安全和权益的活动,并应遵守有关海峡、水道、航线和禁航区的规定。
第十条 船舶在港内不得以危及其它船舶和港口设施安全的速度航行。
第十一条 船舶附属的艇(筏),除了救生以外,不准在港内航行。
第十二条 船舶在港内航行、移泊时,船上的艇(筏)、吊货杆和舷梯等,不得伸出舷外。
第十三条 需要进入中华人民共和国对外轮开放的港口避风或临时停泊的船舶应向港务监督申请批准,申请内容包括:船名、呼号、国籍、船公司名称、出发港、目的港、船位、航速、吃水、船体颜色、烟囱颜色和标志,并应在指定的地点避风。
船舶如需在中华人民共和国对外轮开放的港口以外的地点避风或临时停泊,除办理上述申请批准手续外,还应遵守下列规定:
一、及时向就近的港务监督报告抛锚时间、位置和驶离时间;
二、遵守当地有关部门的规定,接受检查和询问,并听从指挥;
三、未经当地有关部门批准,船上人员不得登陆,不得装卸货物。

第二章 停泊
第十四条 船舶在港内停泊,必须留有足以保证船舶安全操纵的船员值班,遇有台风警报等紧急情况,全体船员必须立即回船采取防范、应急等措施。
第十五条 船舶在船员、旅客和其他人员上下之处设置的舷梯必须稳固,并有栏杆或攀索,软梯必须牢固安全,夜间应有足够的照明。
第十六条 船舶需要活车时,必须注意尾部周围环境,在不危及其他船舶和港口设施安全的情况下才可进行。
第十七条 停泊在港内的船舶,其两舷可能影响其他船舶、码头或人员上下的出水口必须加盖复罩。
第十八条 船舶的灯光不得影响其他船舶的航行安全,船上射向航道的强灯光,应予以遮蔽。
第十九条 船舶对装卸操作应提供安全良好的条件,装卸设备应具有合格证书,保持良好的技术状态。
第二十条 船舶进行下列事项,应事先向港务监督申请批准:
一、拆修锅炉、主机、锚机、舵机、电台;
二、试航、试车;
三、放艇(筏)进行救生演习;
四、烧焊(进船厂修理的除外),或者在甲板上明火作业;
五、悬挂彩灯。
第二十一条 船舶熏蒸,应采取严密的安全措施,并应悬挂港口规定的信号。
第二十二条 为了维护港口和船舶的安全,需要在港内的船舶移泊或提前、推迟开航,船舶应遵守港务监督的决定。

第三章 信号和通讯
第二十三条 船舶在中华人民共和国港口和沿海水域航行、停泊,白天应悬挂船籍国的国旗,进出港口和移泊应加挂船名呼号旗和港口规定的有关信号。
第二十四条 船舶在进出港口和锚泊时,应注意港口信号台的呼叫和信号,在使用视觉信号时,应遵守中华人民共和国沿海港口信号规定。沿海港口未曾规定的信号,应依照《国际信号规则》办理。
第二十五条 船舶在港内除因航行安全必须外,不得随意鸣放声号。需要试笛时,应事先向港务监督报告。
第二十六条 船舶在港内使用甚高频无线电话,应遵守中华人民共和国交通部颁发的《关于外轮使用甚高频无线电话暂行办法》。

第四章 危险货物
第二十七条 船舶装卸、载运危险货物,应悬挂规定的信号,遵守有关危险货物运输管理的规定,采取必要的安全措施,特别是性能相抵触的货物,不许混装,严禁爆炸物品与发火物、易燃物品装载于同一舱内。
第二十八条 船舶载运爆炸物品、剧毒物品、放射性物品、压缩气体和液化气体、氧化剂、自燃物品、遇水燃烧物品、易燃液体、易燃固体和酸性腐蚀物品等一级烈性危险货物,应详细列具品名、性质、包装数量和装载位置,并且附具危险货物性质说明书,在预定到达港口三天之前,通过外轮代理公司向港务监督申请办理签证,经许可后才可进港、起卸或者过境。出口船舶载运上述危险货物,应在开始装载的三天以前,申请办理签证,经许可后才可装运。
第二十九条 船舶申请签发装运出口危险货物安全装载证明书,应在开始装载三天之前向港务监督提出书面申请,写明危险货物的品名、性质、包装、数量、装载位置(并且附具货物装载图)、中途港和目的港等事项并在港务监督指定的泊位进行装载。

第五章 航道保护
第三十条 船舶航行应遵守航行规定,维护航行秩序,如船舶发生意外事故有沉没危险时,应立即向港务监督报告,并尽力采取有效措施,驶离航道,避免妨碍交通和危及其他船舶。如果船舶已经沉没,船方应及时在沉没地点设置临时信号标志。
第三十一条 对沉没在港口或沿海水域的船舶或其他物体的打捞,均按照《中华人民共和国打捞沉船、沉物管理办法》办理。港务监督可视具体情况,通知沉船沉物所有人限期打捞清除,或立即组织打捞或解体清除,全部责任和费用应由沉船沉物所有人承担。
第三十二条 船舶发现或捞获沉、浮物体,应报告或送交港务监督处理,由港务监督酌情给予奖励。
第三十三条 船舶在港内需要倾倒垃圾等废弃物,应显示港口规定的信号招用垃圾船(车)。
第三十四条 船舶应爱护航道设备和助航标志,如损坏了助航标志、港口建筑或其他设施,应立即向港务监督报告,并应负责恢复原状或偿付恢复原状所需费用。

第六章 防止污染
第三十五条 在中华人民共和国的港口和沿海水域,禁止船舶任意排放油类、油性混合物,以及其他有害的污染物质和废弃物。
第三十六条 船舶排放压舱水、洗舱水、舱底水,必须向港务监督申请批准。如果船舶来自有疫情的港口,应经过卫生检疫机关卫生处理。装运危险货物和其他有害污染物船舱的污水、洗舱水,应经有关卫生部门鉴定合格后,方可在指定地点排放。
第三十七条 凡油轮和使用燃油的船舶,应备有油类记录簿,并且按照记录簿各项规定及时如实记载。
第三十八条 如船舶在港口和沿海水域发生污染事故,应将经过情况分别纪入油类记录簿和航海日志,并立即向港务监督报告,同时必须采取有效的措施防止扩散。如需采用化学剂处理,应提供化学成份说明书,向港务监督申请批准。
第三十九条 本章未列事项,按照中华人民共和国有关防止水域污染的规定办理。

第七章 消防和救助
第四十条 严禁在货舱以及易于引起船舶火警的场所吸烟和弄火。
第四十一条 船舶加油和油船装卸作业,应采取严密的防火安全措施。
第四十二条 船舶在港内进行烧焊等工程,应事先清理周围环境,采取严密防范措施,配备消防设备,并且在施工前后进行检查。对油舱及其邻近部位还必须卸完全部油料,清除残油,彻底通风,排除其内部易燃气体,并取得合格证明之后,才可以烧焊。
第四十三条 船舶失火或发生海难,应立即将出事地点和本船吨位、吃水、载货、受损和需要某种援助等情况报告港务监督。
第四十四条 港务监督在必要时,可动员和指挥在港内或沿海水域的船舶参加救助遇难船舶,在不影响本船安全的情况下,被动员的船舶有责任尽力救助。
第四十五条 港务监督或救助部门的负责人员到达现场,遇难船舶的船长应立即报告失事情况及已经采取的措施,提供救助必需的资料和方便,并且可以提出有关救助的建议。港务监督为维护安全秩序作出的决定,有关方面必须遵守。

第八章 海损事故
第四十六条 船舶发生海损事故,应尽速用电报或无线电话向港务监督报出扼要报告。在港区以外发出的海损事故,船长应在船舶进入第一港口四十八小时内,向港务监督递交海损事故报告书;在港区内发生的海损事故,船长应在二十四小时内向港务监督递交海损事故报告书。
第四十七条 船舶在中华人民共和国港口和沿海水域造成人命、财产损害事故时,应积极救助受害的船舶和人员,及时向港务监督报告,并接受调查和处理。如果肇事者见危不救,隐匿逃遁,将从严处理。
第四十八条 船舶发生船员死亡事故,应立即向港务监督报告。在港内由于船方或港方人员的过失,造成对方损害或伤亡事故等,应保留现场,双方都应及时向港务监督报告。如果发生纠纷,当事的任何一方,都可以向港务监督申请调查处理,涉及刑事范围的,由中华人民共和国司法机关处理。
第四十九条 本章未列事项,按照中华人民共和国交通部颁发的《海损事故调查和处理规则》办理。

第九章 违章处罚
第五十条 凡违反本规则以及中华人民共和国一切有关法令、规章和规定者,港务监督得按其性质、情节分别给予警告、罚款等处分,性质恶劣、情节严重者移交司法机关处理。
第五十一条 受处分者如果对所受处分不服,可以在接到通知的次日起十五日之内,向中华人民共和国港务监督局提出申诉。但在没有变更决定之前,原处分仍为有效。

第十章 附则
第五十二条 关于船舶避碰,本规则和中华人民共和国其他有关规定中未列事项,依照中华人民共和国施行的《国际海上避碰规则》办理。
第五十三条 本规则由中华人民共和国国务院批准施行,中华人民共和国交通部一九五七年三月十二日颁发的《中华人民共和国对外国籍船舶进出港口管理办法》同时废止。

RULES OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING VESSELS OFFOREIGN NATIONALITY

Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)
RULES OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING VESSELS OF
FOREIGN NATIONALITY
(Approved by the State Council on August 25, 1979) and promulgated
by the Ministry of Communications on September 18, 1979)
General Provisions
Article 1
These Rules are formulated in order to safeguard the sovereignty of the
People's Republic of China, maintain the order of ports and coastal
waters, ensure the safety of navigation and prevent the pollution of
waters.
Article 2
All vessels of foreign nationality sailing in the ports and coastal waters
of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as "vessels")
shall abide by these Rules and all the relevant decrees, stipulations and
provisions of the People's republic of China. Whenever the Harbour
Superintendency Administration set up by the Government of the People's
Republic of China is of the view that it is necessary to conduct
inspection of vessels, the vessels must subject themselves to inspection.
The term coastal waters as used in these Rules refers to the inland waters
and territorial seas of the People's Republic of China and the waters
stipulated by the State to be under its jurisdiction.

Chapter I Port Entry and Exit and Navigation
Article 3
The captain or the ship owner shall, through the China Ocean-shipping
Agency Corporation, one week before the scheduled arrival of his vessel at
a port, fill in the prescribed forms and go through the procedures to
apply for approval of port entry with the Harbour Superintendency
Administration and, 24 hours before the vessel's arrival at the port (or
if the voyage is less than 24 hours, at the time of departure from the
previous port), through the agent company for foreign vessels, report to
the Harbour Superintendency Administration on the scheduled time at
arrival, forward draft, stern draft, and other such conditions. A report
shall be made at any time if any change at the time of arrival is
anticipated. If in the course of its voyage, a vessel has to enter or
return to the port temporarily due to special circumstances such as
mishap, malfunction, or acute illness contracted by its seamen or
passengers, a report shall be made to the harbour Superintendency
Administration in advance.
Article 4
When a vessel goes into or out of a port or sails or changes berths in it,
it shall be guided by a pilot appointed by the Harbour Superintendency
Administration. The specific matters concerning pilotage shall be handled
in accordance with the "Provisions for Pilotage in Ports" promulgated by
the Ministry of Communications of the People's Republic of China.
Article 5
Upon arrival of a vessel at a port, the entry and other relevant reports,
together with the certificate of registry and relevant documents shall be
submitted promptly for examination, and the vessel shall be subject to
inspection. Before a vessel goes out of a port, the exit and other
relevant reports shall be submitted and the vessel may go out only with an
exit permit issued after inspection.
Article 6
All weapons and ammunition on board a vessel shall be k ept under seal by
the Harbour Superintendency Administration upon arrival of the vessel at
the port. Radio telegraph transmitters, radio telephone transmitters,
rocket signals, flame signals and signal guns shall only be used in
conditions of emergency; and after such use, reports must be made to the
Harbour Superintendency Administration.
Article 7
It shall be forbidden, inside a port, to shoot, swim, fish or set off
fire-crackers or fireworks or do other acts likely to endanger the safety
and order of the port.
Article 8
The Harbour Superintendency Administration shall be entitled to prohibit a
vessel from going out of the port within a specified period of time, or
order it to suspend its voyage, change its course or return to the port if
the vessel is in any of the following conditions:
1. in an unseaworthy condition;
2. in contravention of the laws or regulations of the People's Republic of
China;
3. having involved in an accident of marine damage;
4. having failed to pay prescribed dues and to provide an appropriate
guarantee therefor;
5. other conditions which call for prohibition of navigation.
Article 9
Vessels sailing in the ports and coastal waters of the People's Republic
of China shall not engage in activities detrimental to the security,
rights and interests of the People's Republic of China and shall abide by
the provisions concerning straits, waterways, navigation lines and
restricted zones.
Article 10
Vessels shall not sail at such speed in ports as to endanger the safety of
other vessels and port facilities.
Article 11
The boats (rafts) attached to vessels shall not be allowed to sail in
ports except for lifesaving purposes.
Article 12
When sailing or changing berths in ports, vessels shall not have their
attached boats (rafts), derricks, gangways, etc. extended over the board
sides.
Article 13
Vessels that have to enter into a port of the People's Republic of China
which is open to foreign vessels for the purpose of taking shelter or
temporary berth shall apply to the Harbour Superintendency Administration
for approval; the application shall include: the ship's name, call sign,
nationality, name of the carrier, port of departure, port of destination,
ship's position, speed, draft, hull colour(s), funnel colour(s) and mark,
and shall take shelter at the specified place.
Vessels that have to take shelter or temporary berth in a place other than
the ports open to foreign vessels of the People's Republic of China shall,
in addition to going through the above procedures for the application for
approval, abide by the following:
1. duly report to the Harbour Superintendency Administration in the
neighbourhood on the anchoring time, position and the time of departure;
2. observe the provisions of the relevant local departments, subject
itself to inspection and enquiry and obey orders;
3. the personnel on board the vessel shall not come to land nor shall the
goods on board be unloaded without the approval of the relevant local
departments.

Chapter II Berthing
Article 14
Vessels berthed in a port shall have on duty a number of seamen sufficient
to ensure the safe operation of the vessel and, in times of a typhoon
warning or other emergency conditions, all crew members shall immediately
return on board to take preventive and other measures.
Article 15
The gangways of a vessel set up where the crew members, passengers and
other personnel embark and disembark shall be firm and secure and armed
with rails or hand ropes; rope ladders shall be firm and safe, with
adequate illumination at night.
Article 16
When a vessel has to start its engine, attention shall be paid to the
surroundings of the stern and it shall only be done in circumstances where
the safety of other vessels and port facilities will not be endangered.
Article 17
The water outlets on both sides of a vessel berthed in a port, which are
likely to affect other vessels, the pier or the embarkation and
disembarkation of personnel shall be covered.
Article 18
The light of a vessel shall not affect the safety of navigation of other
vessels and strong lights of the vessel projected towards the course of
navigation shall be blocked.
Article 19
Vessels shall provide safe and good conditions for loading and unloading
operations and the loading and unloading installations shall possess
certificates of compliances and be maintained in good technical condition.
Article 20
A vessel shall make prior applications to the Harbour Superintendency
Administration for approval to carry out the following operations:
1. dismantling and repair of boilers, main engine, windlasses, steering
gear and transmitters;
2. trial voyages and trial runs;
3. setting down boats (rafts) to carry out lifesaving rehearsal;
4. welding or soldering (except for repair in a dockyard) or carrying out
operations with uncovered light on the deck;
5. hanging out decorative lamps.
Article 21
In the fumigation of a vessel, strict safety measures shall be taken and
the signal stipulated by the Port shall be hoisted.
Article 22
To ensure safety of the port and vessels, the decisions of the Harbour
Superintendency Administration shall be complied with if any ship has to
change berths in the port or set sail ahead of schedule or postpone
sailing.

Chapter III Signals and Communication
Article 23
Vessels sailing or berthed in the ports and coastal waters of the People's
Republic of China shall fly the national flags of their countries of
registry in daytime. When coming into or going out of the ports or
changing berths, they shall additionally fly their vessel flags for call
and the relevant signals stipulated by the port.
Article 24
When coming into or going out of the port or anchoring, vessels shall pay
attention to the calls and signals of the port signal station and shall
observe the regulations of the People's Republic of China for signals in
coastal ports in the use of visual signals. In respect of signals not yet
stipulated by coastal ports, "International Rules for Signals" shall be
observed.
Article 25
Vessels in ports shall not send out sound signals at will except out of
necessity for navigation safety. When it is necessary to test whistles, a
report shall be submitted to the Harbour Superintendency Administration in
advance.
Article 26
In the use of very high frequency radio telephones in ports, vessels shall
abide by the "Interim Measures for the Use of Radio Telephones of Very-
high-frequency by Vessels of Foreign Registry" promulgated by the Ministry
of Communications of the People's Republic of China.

Chapter IV Dangerous Goods
Article 27
In loading, unloading or transportation of dangerous goods, the vessels
shall hoist the stipulated signals, observe the stipulations for the
administration of the transportation of dangerous goods and take necessary
safety measures. In particular, goods with mutually-conflicting properties
shall not be loaded in a mixed way and it shall strictly be prohibited to
load explosive articles together with igniters or combustible articles in
the same holds.
Article 28
In carrying Class-1 strongly dangerous goods such as explosive articles,
deadly poisonous articles, radioactive articles, compressed gases and
liquefied gases, oxidizers, spontaneous combustible articles, articles
that ignite when in contact with water, combustible liquids, combustible
solids and acid corrosives, vessels shall list in detail the names of the
goods, their properties, package, quantity and loading position, and also
attach the instructions concerning the properties of the dangerous goods
to the lists and apply to the Harbour Superintendency Administration
through the agent companies for foreign vessels for clearance visas three
days before their scheduled arrival at the ports. Only with approval may
they enter the port, unload goods, or pass through the transit. To carry
the above mentioned dangerous goods, outgoing vessels shall apply for
clearance visas three days before the start of loading. Only with
approval may they load and carry.
Article 29
In applying for the safety certificates for loading and carrying dangerous
goods for export, vessels shall make written applications to the Harbour
Superintendency Administration three days before the start of loading,
clearly stating the names of the dangerous goods, their properties,
package, quantity, loading position (also attached with loading plans of
the goods), midway ports, port of destination, etc. Loading shall be done
at the berths specified by the Harbour Superintendency Administration.

Chapter V Safeguard of Navigation Lanes
Article 30
In navigation, vessels shall abide by the provisions for and maintain the
order of navigation. If a vessel encounters an accident and is in danger
of sinking, it shall promptly report to the Harbour Superintendency
Administration and take effective measures as best as it can to sail out
of the lane so as not to obstruct navigation and endanger other vessels.
If the vessel has sunk, the vessel side shall duly set up a temporary
signal mark at the place of its sinking.
Article 31
The salvage of vessels or other articles which have sunk in the ports or
coastal waters shall be handled in accordance with the "Measures of the
People's Republic of China for the Administration of the Salvage of Sunken
Vessels and Sunken Articles". The Harbour Superintendency Administration
shall, according to particular circumstances, notify the owners of the
sunken vessels or sunken articles to salvage and remove them within a
prescribed period, or promptly organize the salvage or dismantlement and
removal; the entire responsibilities and expenses shall be borne by the
owners of the sunken ship and sunken articles.
Article 32
If a vessel, finds or dredges up any sunken or floating article, it shall
report, or hand it over for handling, to the Harbour Superintendency
Administration, which shall give awards at its discretion.
Article 33
If a vessel has to dump rubbish and other refuse in a port, it shall
display the signal stipulated by the port to call up a rubbish boat (or
truck).
Article 34
Vessels shall take good care of lane installations and navigational aids.
If a vessel has damaged any navigational aid, port construction or other
facilities, it shall promptly report to the Harbour Superintendency
Administration and undertake to restore them or pay compensation for the
restoration.

Chapter VI Prevention of Pollution
Article 35
In the ports and coastal waters of the People's Republic of China, vessels
shall be prohibited from wilfully draining away oils, oil mixtures and
other pernicious pollutants and wastes.
Article 36
Vessels shall apply to the Harbour Superintendency Administration for
approval for draining away ballast water, washing water from holds or
bilge water. A vessel that comes from an epidemic-affected port shall go
through the hygienic treatment of the quarantine. The bilge water and
washing water from the holds of vessels carrying dangerous goods and other
pernicious pollutants may be drained at specified places only after
appraisal which indicates that they meet the standards of the public
health department concerned.
Article 37
All oil tankers and vessels using fuel oil shall possess oils registers
and duly and truly make entries therein in accordance with various
provisions of the registers.
Article 38
If polluting accidents occur with vessels in the ports or coastal waters,
they shall record the course of events separately in their oils registers
and sea logs, promptly report to the Harbour Superintendency
Administration and at the same time take effective measures to prevent
diffusion of the pollutants. If treatment with chemicals is required, it
is necessary to apply to the Harbour Superintendency Administrations for
approval, and provide them with the instructions of the chemical
ingredients.
Article 39
Matters not included in this chapter shall be handled in accordance with
the provisions of the People's Republic of China relating to the
prevention of pollution of waters.

Chapter VII Fire Control and Rescue
Article 40
It shall strictly be forbidden to smoke or make fires in cargo holds or
other places prone to fire on board the vessels.
Article 41
Strict fire-prevention and safety measures shall be taken for the
refueling of vessels and for the loading and unloading operations of oil
tankers.
Article 42
To perform such engineering projects as welding or soldering on board a
vessel, the surroundings, shall be cleared in advance, strict precaution
measures be taken, firefighting equipment be made ready and inspection be
conducted before and after the operations. The oil tanks and their
adjacent parts shall necessarily be emptied of all oil materials, cleared
of residues of oil, thoroughly ventilated, with their internal combustible
gases discharged and certified as up-to-standard before welding or
soldering can be carried out.
Article 43
If a vessel catches fire or encounters a sea peril, it shall promptly
report to the Harbour Superintendency Administration such conditions as
scene of the accident, tonnage of vessel, draft, cargo carried, damages,
and the kind of assistance required.
Article 44
If necessary, the Harbour Superintendency Administration may mobilize and
command the vessels in the port or coastal waters to take part in the
rescue of a vessel in trouble and under the circumstances that their own
safety will not be affected, the mobilized vessels have the responsibility
to partake in the rescue as best as they can.
Article 45
When the Harbour Superintendency Administration or leading members of the
rescue department arrive at the scene, the captain of the vessel in
trouble shall promptly report the state of the accident and the measures
which have been taken and supply the data and facilities required for the
rescue. He may also make suggestions concerning the rescue. The parties
concerned shall observe the decisions made by the Harbour Superintendency
Administration for the maintenance of security and order.

Chapter VIII Accidents of Damages at Sea
Article 46
When an accident of damages at sea occurs to a vessel, it shall make a
summary report to the Harbour Superintendency Administration by telegraph
or radio-telephone as soon as possible. With regard to the occurrence of
an accident of damages at sea outside a port area, the captain shall
submit a report about the accident to the Harbour Superintendency
Administration within forty-eight hours of the vessel's entry into the
first port of call. With regard to the occurrence of an accident of
damages at sea within the port, the captain shall submit a report about
the accident to the Harbour Superintendency Administration within 24
hours.
Article 47
When a vessel causes an accident in the port or coastal waters of the
People's Republic of China, which results in the loss of human life and
damage to property, it shall actively attempt to rescue the damaged vessel
and injured personnel, promptly report the matter to the Harbour
Superintendency Administration and subject itself to investigation and
handling. The troublemaker who does not rescue those in danger but hides
itself or runs away shall be severely dealt with.
Article 48
If the death of a seaman occurs on board a vessel, the vessel shall
promptly make a report to the Harbour Superintendency Administration. If
the default of personnel of the vessel side or the port side gives rise to
damage or injury or death to the other side, the scene shall be kept
intact and both sides shall duly report to the Harbour Superintendency
Administration. If a dispute occurs, any party concerned may apply to the
Harbour Superintendency Administration for investigation and handling.
Those involving crimes shall be dealt with by the judicial organs of the
People's Republic of China.
Article 49
Matters which are not included in this Chapter shall be handled in
accordance with the "Rules for the Investigation and Handling of Accidents
of Damage at Sea promulgated by the Ministry of Communications of the
People's Republic of China.

Chapter IX Punishments on Contravention of Regulations
Article 50
The Harbour Superintendency Administration shall impose such punishments
as a warning or a fine, according to the nature and seriousness of the
offence, on anyone who has contravened these Regulations and any other
relevant decrees, provisions and regulations of the People's Republic of
China. Those of a vile and serious nature shall be handed over to, and
dealt with by, the judicial organs.
Article 51
If the punished party does not accept the punishment, he can make an
appeal to the Harbour Superintendency Administration of the People's
Republic of China within 15 days of receipt of the notice. Before
alteration of the decision, however, the original punishment shall still
take effect.

Chapter X Supplementary Provisions
Article 52
With regard to the prevention of collision of vessels, matters which are
not included in these Regulations and other relevant provisions of the
People's Republic of China shall be handled in accordance with the
"International Rules For the Avoidance of Collision at Sea" implemented by
the People's Republic of China.
Article 53
These Regulations shall be put into effect as of the date of promulgation
by the State Council of the People's Republic of China. Concurrently
therewith, the "Measures of the People's Republic of China For the
Administration of Port Entry and Exit by Vessels of Foreign Registry"
promulgated by the Ministry of Communications of the People's Republic of
China on March 12, 1957 shall be annulled.


他物权的物上请求权与所有权的物上请求权的关系

刘亚利


  物上存在他物权时,当该物被妨害或有妨害之虞时,如上所述,他物权人得基于其物权,如地上权等请求妨害除去或妨害防止。此时,一物之上他物权的请求权与基于所有权的请求权的关系如何,不无探究的必要。笔者认为,二者是相互独立的,即一方放弃或丧失并不影响他方的存在和行使。同时,二者也是共存的,即当物受有妨害时 ,所有权人与他物权人皆得有物上请求权,以维护各自的权利。二者虽可共存,但是又存在着一定冲突。如物被他人无权占有时,所有物返还请求权的内容是请求向所有人返还,而他物权人的返还请求权则是请求向他物权人返还。此时,若支持所有权人向自己返还的请求,将发生所有人取得较物被第三人侵夺前大的权利而侵害用益权人的利益的结果。因为,物的所有人为他人设定用益物权后。仅处于间接占有人的地位,若竟请求向自己返还,则使自己变为直接占有人。从用益权人方面考察,原为第三人的无权占有,现变为所有人的无权占有了。所以,所有人不得请求向自己返还,仅得请求向用益权人(他物权人)返还。使自己回复本来的间接占有的地位。但是,于他物权人放弃其请求权时,所有人得请求向自己返还。
  但是,当物上存在着抵押权或留置权,该物因被侵夺或遗失等而丧失占有时,他物权人与所有权人的物上请求权的关系颇值探讨。由于占有不是抵押权的内容,因此,抵押权的标的物的占有被他人无权占有之时,仅发生所有权人的返还请求。当留置权的标的物非以侵夺方式而丧失占有时,该留置权随之消灭,同时,原留置权人也无占有之诉提起的条件。于是,此时与上述情形相同,即仅所有人的所有物返还请求权有存在的余地。但当留置权标的物被侵夺时,该留置权人得提起占有之诉。然而,此时的所有物返还请求权是否得请求向所有人返还,不无疑问。若承认此点,无异于承认所有人从留置权人处抢夺留置权标的物的合法性,也无异于纵容所有人指使第三人从留置权人处抢夺该物,则留置权人的权利将徒有虚名,而没有法律的任何保障。对留置权人而言,显然是不公平的。因此,此时所有物返还请求权仅得请求向留置权人返还。但是,占有之诉罹于时效或被放弃的,所有物返还请求权得请求向所有人返还。