江西省宜春市人民政府


宜春市人民政府关于印发《宜春市建设工程抗震设防要求监督管理办法》（修订）的通知

宜府发〔2009〕18号


各县（市、区）人民政府，市政府各部门：
经市政府研究同意，现将修订后的《宜春市建设工程抗震设防要求监督管理办法》印发给你们，请认真贯彻执行。



二OO九年六月四日


宜春市建设工程抗震设防要求监督管理办法

第一条 为了加强对全市新建、扩建、改建建设工程抗震设防要求的管理，防御与减轻地震灾害，保护人民生命和财产安全，为城乡工程建设提供科学的抗震设防要求，根据《中华人民共和国防震减灾法》、《江西省防震减灾条例》等法律、法规，结合我市实际，制定本办法。
第二条 本市行政区域内建设工程抗震设防要求的确定、使用和监督管理，必须遵守本办法。
本办法所称抗震设防要求，是指建设工程抗御地震破坏的准则和在一定风险水准下抗震设计应采用的地震烈度或地震动参数。
第三条 市地震工作主管部门负责本市中心城区及市本级建设工程抗震设防工作，并指导各县（市、区）建设工程抗震设防工作。
县（市、区）地震工作主管部门负责本行政区域内（市中心城区除外）建设工程抗震设防工作，其主要职责是：
（一）管理和监督地震安全性评价工作；
（二）负责建设工程抗震设防要求的确定；
（三）对建设工程抗震设防工作进行检查和监督。
第四条 新建、扩建、改建建设工程必须达到抗震设防要求。
地震动参数0.05g以上的重点监视防御区，一般建设工程必须按照国家颁布的地震动参数区划图规定的抗震设防要求，进行抗震设防。对学校、医院等人员密集场所的建设工程，应当按照高于当地房屋建筑的抗震设防要求进行设计和施工，采取有效措施，增强抗震设防能力。
市中心城区及非地震重点监视防御区的市、县城区的下列新建、扩建、改建建筑工程必须按照不低于地震动参数0.05g（相当于地震基本烈度6度）进行抗震设防。
（一）学校1万平方米以下建筑工程；
（二）县级急救中心、中心血站和疾病预防与控制中心，500张以下床位的综合性医院或者专科医院的住院楼、门诊楼；
（三）县市区政府机关办公楼；
（四）汽车站、火车站；
（五）1200座以下大型影剧院、6000座以下体育馆、小型体育场、2.5万平方米以下会展中心和商场、商贸中心、大型写字楼、旅游集散中心、市县级博物馆、图书馆、纪念馆、会展中心（展览馆）、艺术中心、敬老院、福利院、老年活动中心、少年活动中心等公共建筑；
（六）建筑面积10000平方米以上的建筑开发区；
（七）高度超过50米的房地产开发项目（包括酒店、宾馆、公寓）。　　
重大建设工程和可能发生严重次生灾害的建设工程，不论地震动参数大小，都必须进行地震安全性评价，并根据地震安全性评价的结果，确定抗震设防要求，进行抗震设防。
第五条 县级以上人民政府及其有关部门，应当将建设工程的抗震设防要求纳入基本建设管理程序，把抗震设防要求作为项目选址的必备内容。必须进行抗震设防而未经地震工作主管部门确定抗震设防要求及必须进行地震安全性评价而未进行地震安全性评价的建设工程，有关主管部门不得审批。
第六条 下列工程必须进行地震安全性评价，并根据地震安全性评价结果，确定抗震设防要求：
（一）交通工程
1、多孔跨径总长大于1000米或者单孔跨径大于150米公路、铁路干线的桥梁，长度大于1000米的隧道，城市道路上的大跨度桥、高架桥、地下铁道、地下公路、城市快速轨道交通工程；
2、铁路、公路干线上的大中城市火车站与铁路枢纽工程、一级汽车客运站；
3、新建、扩建民用航空机场，5000吨级以上港口工程。
（二）能源工程
1、市电力调度中心；
2、单机300兆瓦以上或者规划容量800兆瓦以上的火力发电厂；
3、单机容量100兆瓦或者总装机容量300兆瓦以上的水力发电厂；
4、枢纽变电所和500千伏以上变电站（所）、500千伏以上线路大跨越塔；
5、抽水蓄能电站；
6、大型工矿企业的自备电厂。
（三）广播电视、通信与信息工程
1、市广播电视中心主体工程、高度在100米以上或者总发射功率大于200千瓦的广播电视发射塔；
2、通信枢纽工程、本地网汇接局、应急通信指挥用房和金融、证券、保险、铁路、民航、电力、海关、税务等重要信息系统工程。
（四）工业与民用建筑、公共设施
1、大型的矿山、化工、石化、钢铁、有色金属等工程；
2、市领导机关办公楼；
3、100米以上高层建筑工程或者平面和竖向的结构均不规则的建筑工程；
4、1200座以上大型影剧院、6000座以上体育馆、大型体育场、2.5万平方米以上会展中心和商场、1万平方米以上教学楼；
5、省级博物馆、档案馆、科技馆、展览馆、图书馆；
6、市急救中心、中心血站和疾病预防与控制中心；
7、500张以上床位的综合性医院或者专科医院的住院楼、门诊楼；
8、规划人口50万以上城市各类救灾应急指挥中心、邮政枢纽；
9、城市日供水10万吨以上和日污水处理20万吨以上的主体工程；
10、具有重要纪念意义的大型建（构）筑物。
（五）特殊工程
核电站、核反应堆、核供热装置及核废料处理工程。
（六）可能产生严重次生灾害的工程
1、重要的易燃、易爆、剧毒、放射性物质生产和仓储设施工程；
2、研究、生产和存放传染性生物制品和细菌与病毒的设施工程；
3、3万立方米以上的贮油工程，气态5万立方米以上、液态1000立方米以上的贮气工程，大型长线输油、输气管道输送设施工程；
4、10亿立方米以上的大型水库和Ⅰ级挡水坝；
5、大中型化工工程；
6、大Ⅱ型尾矿坝。
（七）其他工程
1、位于地震动参数0.05g以上区划分界线5公里范围内的新建、扩建、改建建设工程；
2、地震研究程度和资料详细程度较差的边远地区的建设工程；
3、位于复杂工程地质条件区域的城市、长距离生命线工程及新建开发区的建设工程。
第七条 从事地震安全性评价工作的单位，必须按照国务院《地震安全性评价管理条例》的有关规定，取得国务院地震行政主管部门或者省地震工作主管部门核发的工程地震安全性评价资质证书，按照核定的业务范围开展工作，并到县级以上地震工作主管部门进行业务登记，接受管理和监督。
第八条 任何单位和个人不得降低抗震设防要求。
县级以上地震工作主管部门应当加强对抗震设防要求的监督管理。
设计单位必须按照抗震设防要求和抗震设计规范进行抗震设计，施工单位必须按照抗震设计进行施工，工程监理单位必须按照设计要求对抗震设防措施进行监理。建设单位不得拒绝和阻碍抗震设防的设计和施工。
第九条 建设单位在项目选址阶段，向工程所在地地震工作主管部门申请抗震设防要求确定后，地震工作主管部门应当自受理申请之日起7个工作日内，作出下列行为：
（一）需要进行地震安全性评价的建设项目，地震工作主管部门应书面告知建设单位进行地震安全性评价，并同时告知发改委、国土、规划、建设等行政主管部门。
（二）一般建设工程，由地震工作主管部门确定抗震设防要求。
第十条 已经建成的下列建筑物、构筑物，未采取抗震设防措施的，由建筑物、构筑物所有权人按照地震工作主管部门确定的抗震设防要求和建设行政主管部门提出的抗震性能鉴定意见，采取必要的抗震加固措施：
（一）属于重大工程的建筑物、构筑物；
（二）可能发生严重次生灾害的建筑物、构筑物；
（三）列入省级以上文物保护的建筑物、构筑物；
（四）地震重点监视防御区的建筑物、构筑物。
第十一条 各级人民政府及其建设等行政主管部门应当加强村镇规划和农村建房管理，把抗震设防要求作为村镇建设规划的重要内容。地震工作主管部门应当引导相对集中的农村居民点的建设避开地震断裂带、抗震不良场地。
农村的建制镇、集镇规划区公用建筑必须根据地震动参数区划图确定的抗震设防要求和抗震设计规范进行设计、施工。
第十二条 地震工作主管部门确定抗震设防要求所产生的技术服务费用，按物价部门规定的收费项目和收费办法执行。
第十三条 地震工作主管部门有权会同建设等专业主管部门，对工程的抗震设防要求执行情况进行监督检查。
第十四条 违反本办法规定，必须进行地震安全性评价的建设工程不进行地震安全性评价，或者不按照地震安全性评价结果确定的抗震设防要求进行抗震设防的，由县级以上地震工作主管部门责令改正，并可根据下列不同情况予以处罚：
（一）对工程投资总额不足2000万元的，处1万元以上5万元以下罚款；
（二）对工程投资总额在2000万元以上的，处5万元以上10万元以下罚款。
第十五条 违反本办法规定，不按照抗震设计规范进行抗震设计或者不按照抗震设计进行施工的，由县级以上建设行政主管部门或者其他有关专业主管部门按照职责权限责令改正，并可根据下列不同情况予以处罚：
（一）对工程投资总额不足2000万元的，处1万元以上5万元以下罚款；
（二）对工程投资总额在2000万元以上的，处5万元以上10万元以下罚款。
第十六条 国家机关工作人员违反本办法规定，由上级主管机关责令改正，造成不良后果，尚不构成犯罪的，由其所在单位或者上级主管机关依法给予行政处分；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
第十七条 本办法自发布之日起施行。由市地震工作主管部门负责解释。


The Similar And Different Regulations
On Industrial Designs
Between China And Canada
He Zijing

Abstract:
With China entering WTO, more and more Chinese industrial designers want to apply internationally to register their designs outside China. This paper shows you the detailed comparison about regulations concerning industrial designs between China and Canada, gives some suggestions about the process to register internationally to protect Chinese applier. Some hints imposed on the difference between the two countries will help to improve our patent law.
KEYWORDS:
Industrial design, China, Canada
1. General introduction on industrial designs
1.1 What is an industrial design?
1.1.1 Of WIPO
An industrial design is the ornamental of aesthetic aspect of an article. The design may consist of three-dimensional features, such as the shape or surface of an article, or of two-dimensional features, such as patterns, lines or color. Industrial designs are applied to a wide variety of products of industry and handicraft. To be protected under most national laws, an industrial design must appeal to the eye. This means that an industrial design is primarily of an aesthetic nature, and does not protect any technical features of the article to which it is applied.
1.1.2 Of CHINA
Design in the Patent Law means any new design of the shape, the pattern or their combination, or the combination of the color with shape or pattern, of a product with creates an aesthetic feeling and it fits for industrial application.
1.1.3 Of CANADA
Design of industrial design means features of shape, configuration, pattern or ornament and any combination of those features that, in a finished article, appeal to and are judged solely by the eye.
1.2 Other forms of Intellectual Property
In China, Intellectual property can be generally classified as patent, copyright, trademark. Patents, or in other words, inventions-creations, mean inventions, utility models and designs. So that the designs are one of the subdivisions of patents.
Whereas, in Canada, in addition to industrial designs, there other forms of intellectual property, as patents, copyrights, and integrated circuit topographies. Hereby, patents cover new inventions (process, machine, manufacture, composition of matter), or any new and useful improvement of an existing invention. So that industrial designs have the equal statues to patents, as one of the subdivisions of intellectual property.
1.3 Why protect industrial designs?
Industrial designs are what make an article attractive and appealing; hence, they add to the commercial value of a product and increase its marketability.
When an industrial design is protected, the owner-the person or entity that has registered the design-is assured an exclusive right against unauthorized copying or imitation of the design by third parties. This helps to ensure a fair return on investment. An effective system of protection also benefits consumers and the public at large, by promoting fair competition and honest trade practices, encouraging creativity, and promoting more aesthetically attractive product.
Protecting industrial designs helps economic development, by encouraging creativity in the industrial and manufacturing sectors, as well as in the traditional arts and crafts. They contribute to the expansion of commercial activities and the export of national products.
Industrial designs can be relatively simple and inexpensive to develop and protect. They are reasonably accessible to small and medium-sized enterprises as well as to individual artists and craftsmen, in both industrialized and developing countries.
1.4 How can industrial designs be protected?
In most countries, an industrial design must be registered in order to be protected under Industrial Design Law. As for China, the regulations on design are under the Patent Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and its implementing regulations; As for Canada, The Industrial Design Act and Industrial Design Regulations details the regulations that govern design rights. As a general rule, to be registerable, the design must be “new” or “original”. Different countries have varying definitions of such terms, as well as variations in the registration process itself. Generally, “new” means that no identical or very similar design is known to have existed before.
Depending on the particular national law and the kind of design, an industrial design may also be protected as a work of art under copyright.
2.The main difference concerning registration
2.1 When to file an application
There is no time limit for filing an application as long as the design had never been published. The term “published” means that the design has been made public (even to your neighbors) or offered for commercial sale or use anywhere in the world. It is best to file an quickly as possible if publication has occurred.
In china, an design application does not lose its novelty where, within six months before the date of filing, one of the following events occurred: [1] where it was first exhibited at an international exhibition sponsored of recognized by the Chinese Government;[2]where it was first made public at a prescribed academic or technological meeting;[3]when it was disclosed by any person without the consent of the applicant.
In Canada, the design shall be refused to be registered if the application is filed more than one year after the publication of the design in Canada of somewhere.
2.2 who can apply?
Only the proprietor of a design may apply for and obtain registration for an industrial design both in China and Canada, while there exists little difference between the two countries on the question that who can be defined as proprietor.[1] usually you are considered the proprietor if you have created the design;[2] if you work together with other person to creat a design, you should file for registration as joint proprietors ( unless you are all working under contract or commission );[3] if you have acquired ownership of a design, then you may apply;[4] if you are employee of a company and develop design as part of your employment, then the employer may be the proprietor. In that case, only the employer may apply in Canada; while in china, the entity and the inventor or creator may enter into a contract in which the right to apply for and own the exclusive right is provided for;[5] if you have been hired under contract to develop design for someone else, then that person is the proprietor and is the only one entitled to apply for registration in Canada; whereas in that case in China, the right to apply for registration belongs, unless otherwise agreed upon, to the entity or individual that made the design.
2.3 What requirements to make designs registerable?
In Canada, the minister shall register the design if the minister finds that it is not identical with or dose not so closely resemble any other design already registered as to be confounded therewith, and shall return to the proprietor thereof the drawing or photograph and description with the certificate required.
In China, any design for which patent fight may be granted must not be identical with and similar to any design which, before the date of falling has been publicly disclosed in publications in the country or abroad or has been publicly used in the country, and must not be in conflict with any prior right of any other person.
2.4 What you cannot register?
In Canada, you cannot register the following under the Industrial Design Act: [1] Designs that are utilitarian only and which are not intended to provide visual appeal; [2] Designs that have no fixed appearance; [3] Designs for components that are not clearly visible; [4] a method of construction; [5] an idea; [6] materials used in the construction of an article; [7] the useful function of the article; or [8] color.
In China, for any of the following, no patent right shall be granted: [1] scientific discoveries;[2] rules and methods for mental activities;[3] methods for diagnoses or for the treatment for the diseases;[4] animal and plant varieties;[5] substances obtained by means of nuclear transformation.
From the above regulations, we can see that the Chinese regulations is more generic for all of the three types of creation-inventions; and the Canadian’s is more special in detail on designs. So we should absorb some of them in our implementing regulations of patent law.
2.5 searching of office record prior to filing an application
Prior to filing an application, you may wish to conduct a search of office records in order to better determine whether your design is truly new and original. This will give you the opportunity to see other registered designs. You should also keep your design confidential.
2.6 How long the process takes?
In Canada, the Office dose not register any design until six months after the date of filing. Normally it takes between eight and twelve months to have your application examined. While in china, there is no such kind of provisions concerning the term of process of designs.
2.7 Duration of protection
Both in the two countries, duration of protection of industrial designs is for ten-year term, while the beginning date is quite different. In Canada, it is the date of registration-usually six months after the date of filing; in china, it is the date of filing. Once the ten-year term has expired, anyone is free to make, import, rent or sell etc., the designs.
2.8 Extension of protection
In Canada, your application must include a description which identifies the features that constitute the design since the court may use your description to help determine the limits of protection for your design, you should word your description with care and precision. If your description is too broad, you may over-extend the scope of the design, and it may be impossible to enforce. If it is too narrow, you may limit the scope of the design or leave out features that you intended to protect.